Microsoft-backed OpenAI sought to block on Tuesday India’s biggest media organisations, including those of billionaires Gautam Adani and Mukesh Ambani, from joining a copyright lawsuit that is set to shape the legal framework for AI in India.

Courts globally are hearing cases from authors, news organisations and musicians who accuse technology firms of using their copyrighted work to train artificial intelligence services without permission or license. India is OpenAI’s second-largest market by number of users, after the United States.

In India, the case began with legal action last year by local news agency ANI, and in recent weeks book publishers and almost a dozen digital media outlets, including those owned by Adani and Ambani, have sought to join the case to challenge the AI giant.

Earlier on Tuesday, Reuters reported OpenAI had in a filing sought to dismiss the book publisher’s case, saying its ChatGPT service only disseminates public information. Later in court, OpenAI lawyer Amit Sibal said he would oppose the bid by media organisations to join the case.

“I have an objection, I wish to file a reply,” Sibal told the court, referring to a written reply he would submit with reasoning in due course.

The case will next be heard in February.

OpenAI maintains it only uses publicly available data in a manner protected by fair use principles. Asked for comment on Tuesday, it referred Reuters to its earlier statements and the court filing challenging the book publishers.

OpenAI has also said, in its initial response to the ANI case, that Indian judges have no jurisdiction to hear a case against it as its servers are located abroad.

Book Summaries and Extracts

During Tuesday's hearing, OpenAI’s lawyer Sibal also sparred with other opposing lawyers over media reporting on the lawsuit.

OpenAI objected to articles appearing in media which were based on interviews and non-public court applications of book publishers and Indian newsgroups, saying “reliefs are being pursued in two courts, this court and the public court”.

The lawyer for the digital news group, Ameet Datta, said such allegations should not be made, calling them “really unfortunate”.

The Federation of Indian Publishers, which represents many Indian companies and the likes of Bloomsbury (BLPU.L), and Penguin Random House, has argued ChatGPT produces book summaries and extracts from unlicensed online copies, hurting their business, an allegation OpenAI denies.

Separately, digital news units of India’s largest media groups including the Indian Express and the Hindustan Times have sought to join the lawsuit by arguing ChatGPT was scraping content from their news websites to store and reproduce their work for its users.