Dr Pramod Agrawal, a dermatologist and founder of Folliderm and Elara Clinics with over 11 years of expertise in skin and hair health, offers insights on the causes and treatments of cellulitis.

What is cellulitis, and how does it differ from other skin infections?

The skin acts as a protective shield, keeping bacteria and other harmful microbes from reaching the deeper layers. When the skin is broken—through a cut, scratch, or insect bite—it allows normal skin bacteria and other germs to enter the deeper layers, like the dermis and the tissue beneath. Cellulitis is a bacterial infection that affects these deeper layers, typically caused by bacteria like Staphylococcus or Streptococcus entering through these breaks in the skin

What are the common symptoms of cellulitis that people should be aware of?

The key signs of cellulitis include:

- Red, swollen skin that may feel warm and tender

- Pain or discomfort in the affected area

- The skin may look tight or stretched, almost shiny

- Fever or chills can occur if the infection is more severe

- Sometimes, you might feel tired or run down

What causes cellulitis, and who is most at risk for developing it?

Cellulitis happens when bacteria enter the skin, usually through a cut, wound, or even dry, cracked skin. People who are more likely to develop cellulitis include:

- Those with diabetes, as it can affect circulation and healing

- People with weakened immune systems

- Individuals with skin conditions like eczema or athlete’s foot

- Anyone who’s had cellulitis before is more likely to get it again

How does cellulitis typically spread in the body, and what complications can arise if left untreated?

Cellulitis can spread fast if left untreated. The bacteria can travel deeper into tissues and even enter the bloodstream, potentially leading to severe conditions like sepsis (a life-threatening infection in the blood) or abscesses (pockets of pus). In some cases, it can even damage the skin permanently or cause tissue death (gangrene). This is why early treatment is so important.

What should someone do if they suspect they have cellulitis?

If you think you have cellulitis, getting medical help is crucial. In the meantime:

- Keep the area clean and dry

- Try to elevate the affected limb to reduce swelling

- Avoid touching or scratching the infected area

- You can apply a cool cloth to the area for some comfort but don’t use ice

What are the treatment options for cellulitis? How long does it typically take to recover?

Treatment for cellulitis involves antibiotics, either by mouth or, in more severe cases, through an IV at the hospital. Most people start feeling better after a couple of days on antibiotics, but it can take up to two weeks to fully recover.

Can cellulitis recur after treatment?

Cellulitis returns annually in about 8 to 20 percent of patients; overall recurrence rates can be as high as 49 percent. It can come back, especially if the underlying causes, like poor circulation or diabetes, aren’t addressed. To help prevent future episodes:

• Keep your skin well-moisturised to prevent cracks

• Clean and care for any cuts or wounds immediately

Are there any common misconceptions about cellulitis that you would like to clarify for readers?

One misconception is that cellulitis is only caused by poor hygiene, but anyone can get it if bacteria enter the skin. Another myth is that it will go away alone—this isn’t true. The infection can worsen and spread without antibiotics, so seeing a doctor is important.

Is cellulitis contagious?

Cellulitis isn’t contagious; you can’t catch it just by touching someone. However, the bacteria that cause cellulitis can spread through shared items like towels, so it’s best not to share personal things when someone has an infection.

Are there any home remedies that can help manage or prevent cellulitis?

No natural or home remedies can treat cellulitis once it starts. Antibiotics are necessary to clear the infection. Home care, like keeping wounds clean and using moisturisers to prevent dry skin, can help reduce the risk, but do not try treating cellulitis at home without a doctor’s advice.

What complications or long-term effects can arise from cellulitis if not treated promptly or correctly?

If cellulitis isn’t treated, it can lead to serious complications like:

- Blood infections (sepsis), which can be life-threatening

- Pus-filled pockets (abscesses) that might need to be drained

- Permanent skin damage or scarring

- In severe cases, tissue death (gangrene)

When should someone seek emergency care for cellulitis?

You should go to the emergency room if:

- The redness and swelling are spreading quickly

- You have a high fever or feel very ill

- You notice red streaks moving away from the infected area (this can indicate that the infection is spreading)